Commonly known as bunion, hallux valgus is a painful deformity presenting deviation of the big toe towards the second toe and the outer side of the foot. Hallux valgus causes swelling and soreness at the base joint of the big toe and the first metatarsal bone (the bone just behind the big toe) and is […]

Tendons are structures that enable flexion and extension of fingers. Tendons in the arm reach all the way from the elbow to the tip of fingers through some tunnels. Trigger finger occurs when the tendon is impinged while crossing the tunnel at the first joint of a finger. Once the finger is bent, the impingement[…..]

The median nerve is an important structure that provides fingers with movement and feeling. Carpal tunnel syndrome refers to the pressure on the median nerve as it travels through the wrist. Also known as median nerve compression at the wrist, carpal tunnel syndrome causes pain, numbness, weakness, and tingling in the hand and arm. Carpal[…..]

Due to repeated strain, fraying or tearing may develop in the lateral epicondyle, the point where the muscles and the bone are attached together around the elbow. This condition is referred to as lateral epicondylitis in medicine and tennis elbow in colloquial use. The reason why this problem is known as “tennis elbow” is that[…..]

Frequent and easy dislocation of the shoulder following another dislocation experience in young patients is called recurrent shoulder dislocation. With the first dislocation, the frontal capsule is torn and gets separated from the bone. This damage leads to easy recurrence of dislocation. Despite subsiding pain after the initial treatment, the shoulder can dislocate once again[…..]

Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis (adhesion of shoulder joint capsules), is in fact a general name for movement restriction of the shoulder. If you are experiencing difficulty in moving your hand towards your head, your other shoulder, or your back, this means that your shoulder movements are restricted and you have the early signs of[…..]

The rotator cuff enfolds the spherical end of the humerus that constitutes the shoulder joint. While it holds the joint in place, it also enables movement of the shoulder. The rotator cuff consists of a group of 4 muscles and tendons. These muscles are attached to the shoulder capsule and each of them has a[…..]

The anterior cruciate ligament is made up of two parts and connects the center of the shinbone (tibia) and the inner back of the thighbone (femur). The part in the center front prevents the knee from sliding forward or backward while the inner back part of ACL prevents the knee from turning sideways. In a[…..]